Spina bifida occulta is the most common form. Doctors believe that an estimated 10% to 25% of the general population unknowingly has this spinal defect. There is no opening on the back, but the outer part of some of the vertebrae are not completely closed. The spinal cord and covering (meninges) are undamaged and there is usually no nerve damage. There may be hair, a birthmark or a dimple at the site, this is known as occult spinal dysraphism. Many people with this condition don't even know they have it; however, problems can occasionally arise and medical advice is needed.

Spina bifida manifesta is the more severe but less common form of spina bifida. Frequently Spina bifida manifesta is associated with nerve damage, causing problems with walking, bladder control, and coordination. Spina bifida manifesta is divided into two categories, meningocele and myelomeningocele. In meningocele, fluid leaks out of the spinal canal, resulting in a fluid filled sac on the baby's spine. In myelomeningocele, a section of the spinal nerves are pushed out of the spinal canal against the underside of the skin, often causing nerve damage.

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